If you have just found this series, I recommend starting with Part 1. Then go from there. Also check out the book this whole series is based on: NIHILISM : The Root of the Revolution of the Modern Age by Eugene (Fr. Seraphim) Rose.
Don’t forget to check out my last post on Objective Morality as it does intersect with this topic.
Thank You!
Before I start introducing this post, I want to thank everyone for reading this series. March was one of the best months I’ve had on this blog. It means a lot to me, because I work very hard to bring the absolute best content I can. Thanks again!
Anyway, lets address the strange title. This post will be broken into two very distinct parts. The first part will be about “Super-Humans” because it has to be the most intriguing topic to come out of nihilism. “Super-Humans” is also rooted in historical references, like Adolf Hitler and the Nazis. The point is that “Super-Humans” is actually a nihilist fueled creation. The second part will probably be shorter depending on how much I ramble (Spoiler: I went off), about my thoughts on nihilism. Up until this point, I’ve stuck to a discovery and exploratory lens. I have been avoiding for the most part any personal opinions. I’m basically going to answer two questions:
- What do I think of Nihilism?
- Why does Nihilism matter to politics in our society? (focusing specifically on Libertarianism/ Anarchism)
Without further ado lets jump straight into “Super-Humans”.
Origins of “Super-Humans”
You might remember earlier in the series, I wrote about the destruction of the old order. This is a series of events, starting with World War 1 and the Bolshevik revolution going forward to World War 2 , then onward to other wars such as Vietnam..etc.etc. The destruction taking place during each war. The important part is what the wars were destroying, namely divine kingdoms in the case of World War 1. In general, the destruction of the older, destroyed any symbolism of divine nature in both the physical, social and political forms. You can find more in Part 4 on liberalism.
Now that we have refreshed about the destruction of the older, lets see how Rose frames origin of “Super-Humans”:
The destruction of the Old Order, however, and the organization of the “new earth” are not the only items in the historical program of Nihilism; they are not, perhaps, even its most important items. They are but the preparation for a work more significant and more ominous than either: the “transformation of man.”
The organization of the new earth is something that Rose dedicates a chapter to, but I haven’t really covered. To quickly summarize it, the new earth is one which Lenin envisaged as being like a “factory” that is focusing on “equal” work and pay. The new earth will ensure that all the “workers” (all people) will find happiness in this “earthly” work. They will find happiness because remember there is no God. From what I can gather, in a chronological order, the destruction of the old order occurs first then the new earth takes shape. After these two, then we get to “transformation of man” in other words, “Super-Human”. I mention in my introduction that its rooted in history, and Rose pinpoints the origins which come from unsurprising sources:
This was the dream of the pseudo-Nietzscheans, Hitler and Mussolini, of a “higher humanity” to be forged through a “creative” violence; “this is the mission of our century,” said Hitler’s propagandist Rosenberg: “out of a new life myth to create a new human type.” We know from Nazi practice what this “human type” was, and the world would seem to have rejected it as brutal and inhuman
The fact that Hitler had a whole program directed to do medical experiments amidst a full on two front war, tells you how obsessed he was. In this unfortunate research, came many medical inventions and innovations that we still use today. This is a very sad part of creating “Super-Humans”. But Hitler didn’t just have a random thought, in fact, the “transformation of man” was well thought out. Rose describes how Marx and Engels envisage the need for “mass change in humans”:
But the “mass change in human nature” to which Marxism looks is an end that is perhaps not very different. Marx and Engels are unequivocal on this subject:
Both for the production on a mass scale of this communist consciousness, and for the success of the cause itself, the alteration of men on a mass scale is necessary, an alteration which can only take place in a practical movement, a revolution: this revolution is necessary, therefore, not only because the ruling class cannot be overthrown in any other way, but also because the class overthrowing it can only in a revolution succeed in ridding itself of all the muck of ages and become fitted to found society anew.
Its pretty clear that Marx saw the “transformation of man” necessary because in laymen terms, it helps bring about communism by overthrowing the ruling class easier. It also weeds out the unwanted and undesirables from society. (Hmmm sounds like Hitler with Jews, Gays and others) Of course, the main ingredient for creating “Super-Humans” is violence. I mentioned earlier that new earth and new man or “Super-Humans” are connected chronologically. In fact, they are intertwined to achieve the same goal as Rose describes:
[new earth] and [new man] are intimately connected in the determinist philosophy of Marx, for “in revolutionary activity, change of self coincides with the change of circumstances.” The change of circumstances, and more to the point, the process of changing them through revolutionary violence, transform the revolutionaries themselves. Here Marx and Engels, like their contemporary Nietzsche, and like Lenin and Hitler after them, subscribe to the mystique of violence, seeing a magical change to be wrought in human nature through indulgence of the passions of anger, hatred, resentment, and the will to dominate. In this regard we must make note also of the two World Wars, whose violence has helped to destroy forever the Old Order and the old humanity, rooted in a stable and traditional society, and has had a large role in producing the new uprooted humanity that Marxism idealizes. The thirty years of Nihilist war and revolution between 1914 and 1945 have been an ideal breeding-ground for the “new human type.
I know this is a long quote but it can be easily summarized: Violence creates “Super-Humans”. The main thing to understand is that violence is the catalyst of the three stages: Destruction of the older leads to new earth leads to new man or “Super-Humans”. Now that we understand the origins, we need to go deeper! What kind of human or not human is a “Super-Human”?
Violence of Reduction
One of the things, that is easy to see in nihilism is that it reduces everything to be very simple. One of the reasons why for example, I was able to pick up this topic so quickly without ever encountering it before, was because its simple to grasp. Nietzsche is also easy to understand, he reduces (key word: reduces) everything into simple ideas. The world is very complex. Nothing is simple. (In the literal sense too) So you’re probably wondering where the hell this is going? Well, I’m preparing you for another quote by Rose that will make this paragraph make sense:
Nihilist philosophy that reduces reality and human nature to the simplest possible terms, and a Nihilist practice that similarly reduces the concrete man; not a few, also, realize the seriousness and the radicalness of this “reduction” even to the extent of seeing in it, as does Erich Kahler, a qualitative change in human nature.
“(The) powerful trend toward the disruption and invalidation of the individual … manifestly present in the most diverse currents of modem life–economic, technological, political, scientific, educational, psychic and artistic–appears so overwhelming that we are induced to see in it a true mutation, a transformation of human nature”
Its a powerful quote because I think when you look over time, you can definitely see that humanity has changed. The phrase “invalidation of the individual” really hits me hard. I am an anarchist if you didn’t know, so that bothers me because the individual holds all the natural rights. Anyway, the broader point here is that the destruction of the old order, new earth and new man are slowly being done through violence and revolutions on multiple different fronts across society.
Moving away from the big picture, lets focus in on what becomes of the human after the “transformation”. There isn’t a really easy way to help you understand this because I think Rose does better job than I could:
the man of the moment, without conscience or values and thus at the mercy of the strongest “stimulus”; the “rebel,” hating all restraint and authority because he himself is his own and only god; the “mass man,” this new barbarian, thoroughly “reduced and “simplified” and capable of only the most elementary ideas, yet scornful of anyone who presumes to point out the higher things or the real complexity of life.
Once again, we get a striking description that matches the definition of the Nihilist of Destruction. A “Super-Human” destroys all abstract thought and replaces it with “earthly” thoughts. Its hard to describe it, but because of the reduction and simplification of literally all knowledge it makes a “Super-Human” the equivalent to a caveman. This is despite having access to logic, language and math. However, because the nihilist rejects these absolute truths it renders them useless in understanding “his” earth existence.
To end it off, I want to share just one more quote before giving my own thoughts. This last quote is almost like straight out of a Marvel movie, I swear to you. In the beginning of this, I was discussing Hitler’s medical experiments program. This quote relates to that sort of but takes it a step further:
It is easy to dismiss as fantasy the “new humanity” foreseen by a Hitler or a Lenin; and even the plans of those quite respectable Nihilists among us today who calmly discuss the scientific breeding of a “biological superman,” or project a utopia for “new men” to be developed by the narrowest “modern education” and a strict control of the mind, seem remote and only faintly ominous.
You can definitely take this as a warning.
My Thoughts…finally.
Like I promised, I will answer two questions: What do I think of Nihilism? and Why does Nihilism matter to politics in our society? Lets start with the first one. My thoughts on Nihilism is first and foremost that its one of these most intriguing topics, I’ve ever come across. The depth and multi-faceted nature of it makes for some really interesting thoughts and realizations. I think that nihilism represents most of evil in the world. I believe it is the antithesis to Christianity. Personally, I am fully against the nihilist attitude. I believe that Christianity offers more in terms of happiness and fulfillment than nihilism will ever be able to provide. I also find that the historical background of nihilism makes it very tangible and easily understood in the reality. This point leads into my next question. However, before I get into that I want note that nihilism is extremely complex, and one could probably write a book or two about this topic. I really enjoyed discovering it along with you, dear reader.
Why does nihilism matter to politics in our society? Well, the historical roots make it easy to understand in reality. Unfortunately, those historical roots are connected to the events that happen today. History is not only a cycle but its a timeline. The cause and effect nature of history allows us to contextualize events. I was able to contextualize the Vietnam War in the frame of a nihilist revolution. It should be noted Rose never mentions it. But once you understand how and why nihilism works, then its really easy to see it everywhere. This is nowhere more apparent than in US politics.
For example, when I look at a Bernie Sanders, Elizabeth Warren, Andrew Yang, and others I see their platforms using Marxist based ideas. Aside from Nietzsche, Marx’s ideology is a foundation of nihilism. His ideas on class warfare, communism and revolution are drawn upon by famous nihilists like Lenin, Hitler, Mussolini and others. These American politicians are using some of Marx ideas, whether or not its intentionally nihilist doesn’t really matter. However, when you look at the economic consequences of UBI (Universal Basic Income) as Andrew Yang has imagined it; its impossible to not think it was intentional. You might think that me saying “whether or not its intentionally nihilist doesn’t really matter” is kinda of callous or something. But the reason is that nihilism in its most basic form doesn’t have to be intentional. The person thinking nihilist thoughts or doing nihilist actions may not even realize or admit it.
I think that the fact that one can be nihilist unintentionally is what makes this “disease” so dangerous. In Rose’s book, he calls nihilism a disease. I’ve always found socialism and communism to be disgusting and disease like as well. I think nihilism co-opts those for a greater purpose of destroying society. I hope that reading this series will help you see the nihilism that exists within our society. If we have any hope of survival, we need to turn to the truth. We need to move past the bipartisan bickering and the crazy government overreach.
Something else that I’ve realized in writing about nihilism, is that even though Anarchy was at first strongly correlated with nihilists. Anarchy as its meaning being “Without Rulers” is the antithesis of nihilism. I believe that government represents nihilist intentions. The ends of corruption and greed are literally nothing. You get will end up with nothing after you cheat and steal. Its called karma. In this way, government results in the destruction that nihilist requires. This is despite the fact that “church” and “state” are supposed to be separated. So in order to properly fight nihilism, we need overthrow the tyrannical government and base our beliefs off the truth that God provides. This isn’t to say that you need to be religious. But in order to form a stronger argument against the nihilist revolution, you have accept the existence of God. Remember nihilist have no orientation because they deny those absolute truths that we use to put our world into proper context. The profound reality is that voluntary interactions are the best way to fight nihilism because they remove the government and its corruption.
I hope you enjoy this series. It was a pleasure to write it. Thank you for reading.
Shoutout to @FoAnimated
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